CzarNicholas2

Czar Nicholas II

"The Last King of Russia"

Born: May 1868 (4)  Died: July 17, 1918 (4)   Oldest son of Czar Alexander Alexandrovich III Romanov & Maria Fyodorovna Romanov (6)

__** His Childhood & Early Life **__
 * Nicholas II received outsanding education as a child. (5)
 * Traumitized by his grandfather's assination in 1881 (9)
 * As a child, Nicholas II was isolated which deprived him of self reliance and a sense of confidence. (6)
 * Inability to understand how others lived (6)
 * No "contact with Russia's growing intellectual and artistic community", the Czar "developed narrow ideas of honor, service and tradition which would harm his ability to govern Russia in the future" (6)

__** Prior to the Throne **__
 * Lacked participation in affairs of state (4)
 * Before accepting the throne, Nicholas II "achieved the rank of Colonel in the Life Guards" (6).

__** Coronation & the First Year as Czar **__
 * In 1894, Czar Alexander III suddenly died of a kidney disease, allowing his son, Nicholas to abdicate the throne (8).
 * "I know nothing of the business of ruling." (8)
 * Nicholas' coronation festivities led to a tragic disaster.(8)
 * Half a million Russians came to Moscow to celebrate. (8)
 * The feast was held at Khodynka Field but there was not enough security to control the crowd (8)Approximately 1,300 people were trampled to death (8).
 * No one took note that the field was covered with ditches and trenches left from military use (8)
 * The event of his coronation had already hurt his reputation (8).
 * During that same year, Nicholas married Princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt (7)
 * "Marriage of Love" (4)
 * After converting Lutheran religion to the Russian Orthodox religion, her name was changed to Alexandra (8).
 * After converting Lutheran religion to the Russian Orthodox religion, her name was changed to Alexandra (8).
 * During their marriage, Alexandra bared him five children:
 * Olga
 * Tatyana
 * Maria
 * Anastasia
 * Aleksey


 * In 1895:
 * "Let them (the people) know that I, devoting all my efforts to the prosperity of the nation, will reserve the principles of autocracy as firmly and unswervingly as my late father of imperishable memory." (5)
 * Refused to give the "people's representatives some voice in influencing the policies of Russia's government" (8).

__**The Years Under the Rule of Nicholas II**__
 * Strong anti-Semitic policy (4)
 * Jews were limited to enroll in higher schools (4)
 * Excluded from zemstvos (local district and provincial assemblies) and law practice (4)
 * 1904;
 * Russia went to war with Japan. (7)
 * In competition for influence and territory over the Chinese province of Manchuria and Korean peninsula (8).
 * Millions of young men were drafted to fight (9).
 * The country encountered an embarrassing defeat by the Japanese (5)
 * Losing the war caused economic strains and lack of government control (8)


 * 1905;
 * "Bloody Sunday"
 * January 22, 1905 (1)
 * Planned by a legal organization of works called the Assembly of Russian Workingmen (1)
 * Led by a radical priest, Georgy Apollonovich (2)
 * A group of workers marched into St. Petersburg to make their demands(2)
 * Several hundred were wounded, more than 100 citizens were killed (1)
 * This massacre set off several strikes and riots throughout the country (5)
 * Though the Czar was not present, a Duma (a Russian parliament) was put into consideration (8)


 * "October Manifesto"
 * October 5, 1905
 * Drafted by Sergei Witte, Russia's first prime minister (4)
 * Constructed of two parts Nicholas always rejected; (8)
 * a Duma
 * a Constitution
 * Nicholas heavily disagreed with the new issue of government and still conformed to the old ways (8)
 * Gave several people a voice in government (7)

**__ Inevitable Downfall of the Monarchy __**
 * 1914;
 * Russia entered World War I, which had temporarily strengthened the monarchy (7)
 * 1915;
 * Nicholas took direct command of the Russian armies (7)
 * Left Alexandra in control of the country and active role in government (7)
 * Russians suffered high inflation, food shortages and heavy loses (5)
 * Ruined Alexandra's reputation, along with "her confidante", Grigory Rasputin (7)
 * Rasputin had been at court since 1905 (7)
 * Gained influence from his ability to treat the Czar's hemophiliac son, Aleksey (7)
 * Rasputin was murdered in December 1916 (9)
 * 1917 - 1918;
 * March 8:
 * demonstrations were held for International Women's Day (4)
 * Riots protested the scarcity of bread in the town of Petrograd (4)
 * March 11:
 * the Duma was postponed (4)
 * Behind his back, the Duma gathered together to chose a provisional committee (4)
 * March 15:
 * Nicholas abdicated the throne for his brother, Michael. Unfortunately Michael refused to be the next czar of Russia.
 * Nicholas peacefully abdicated from the throne the next day (4)
 * Over the next few months, the imperial family was in exile and held in several locations (7)
 * Imprisoned in Yekaterinburg in the Ural Mountains (7)
 * Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed on July 17, 1918

Animal Farm  Mr. Jones vs. Czar Nicholas II
 * Mr. Jones is the owner of the farm - Czar Nicholas II was the last king of Russia


 * "Mr. Jones, of the Manor Farm" (p. 3)
 * The Jones lose control over Manor Farm - The Romanov dynasty ends with Czar Nicholas II


 * "A minute later all five of them were in full flight down the cart-track that led to the main road, with the animals pursuing them in triumph" (p. 14)
 * "... Jones was expelled, and the Manor Farm was theirs" (p. 14)


 * Mr. Jones abandons the animals and forgets to carry out his animal chores - Nicholas ignores the troubles of his country, and continues to think everything will eventually be okay

>>
 * "Mr. Jones went into Willingdon and got so drunk at the Red Lion that he did not come back till midday on Sunday" (p. 13)
 * Old Major convinced the animals to remove Mr.Jones from the farm- Lenin ordered the assination of the Czar and the Romonav family
 * "It was a dream of the earth as it will be when Man has vanished" (p. 8)

1. Bloody Sunday. (2012). In //Encyclopedia Britannica,// Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/69966/Bloody-Sunday 2. //Bloody Sunday Massacre in Russia//. (1996). Retrieved from: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bloody-sunday-massacre-in-russia 3. //Ex-Czar of Russia Killed by Order of Ural Soviet//. (1918). Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/packages/pdf/topics/romanov.pdf 4. //Nicholas, II (1868-1918).// (1998). In //Encyclopedia of World Biography,// (1st ed.). Detroit:Gale. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com 5.//Prominent Russians: Nicolas II.// (2005). Retrieved from: http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/the-romanov-dynasty/nicholas-ii/ 6. //The Last Tsar of Russia.// (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.alexanderpalace.org/AlexPalaceNRbio.html 7. //Nicholas II (1868-1918).// (2012). Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nicholas_ii.shtml 8. //Nicholas II. (2003).// In //DISCovering Biography.// Detroit:Gale. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com 9. //The Russian Revolution.// (2009). In //Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History//. Detroit:Gale. Retrieved from http://ic.galegroup.com
 * Sources: **